Do you have all terrain tyres on at the moment?
The usual 18" tyre size is 255/45 R18 not 235/55
The usual 17" is 235/55 as per your spare.
A 255/45 18" won't fit in the carrier because of the width. I don't think the extra diameter of 235/55 18 would fit either but you might have to try one of the existing ones under there to find out. If the van came with 18" wheels from new then it would have had a spare supplied in the UK, only tyre sealant, so either the spare or the wheels have been added afterwards. If the rolling diameter is the same then using a 17" as a temporary spare in a similar way to a space saver would be fine but the rolling diameter of your current set up is at least 3.5% different. The van would be a few cm down on that corner. As a get out of the wilderness option it would be fine but very much a temporary solution until original is repaired/replaced and I am not sure I would be comfortable with the mismatch.