Pre-Cali......
We did a cycle-tour on our Specialized AWOLs, back in 2015. We flew to Oslo, took the train to Trondheim, cycled to Bergen, then train back to Oslo - for return flight home. On our last morning in Bergen, both our bikes were stolen from main train station cycle-park/racks. No CCTV at that particular bike-parking area. The cable locks were useless, we found them cut nearby.
We've since purchased ABUS Bordo locks, which attach nicely to the bike frames when not in use.
Incidentally, both bikes turned up, some weeks later. One was located behind a wall, and the finder went to great lengths to track us down via the bikes serial number (the Police were useless.) The second bike turned up on a classifieds webpage.... The seller even confirmed the serial number of the bike to us. However, the police failed to act, and the bike was then sold to an unawares buyer - Who then offered to return it to us, at our expense, once the full picture came to light.
We also use the ABUS Bordo locks to lock the bikes to the rear carrier, when parked/stationery, these are a pretty heavy lock and offer a small deterrent. Having been thru the "insurance claim" mill, bikes normally are not covered on almost all travel insurance policies. Separate bike policies are required, and they're not cheap. Plus, they insist on certain strength/classification of locks being in-place. You must keep receipt of the lock, and show a photo of it installed, were you last left the bike. There are also stipulations, on what you can lock them to. In the end, our insurance only paid out for the accessories attached to the bikes, not the bikes themselves. However, this was enough to cover my flight out to retrieve one of the bikes, and bring it home. Another big issue was trying to get the recovered bikes packed and shipped back from Norway, no courier wanted to do it.... As consignment either too heavy/large or because Norway wasn't in the EU, so customs clearance objections. All in all, a bit of an ordeal.... And ended up flying out to retrieve myself.
In hindsight, better locks should have been used and we should have checked CCTV coverage was available were we parked them, we were somewhat lured into a false sense of security as Norway is so safe. However, there is a massive drug problem, especial around the train stations in Oslo, Bergen etc etc.... It's because Norway doesn't offer methadone to users, like we do in the UK, so the opportunity for dealers is great.